by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Cedars-Sinai investigators can identify comprehensive cardiovascular risk from CT scans obtained without contrast dye, which some patients cannot tolerate, through the use of AI algorithms. Credit: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

A recent study designed and implemented by investigators at Cedars-Sinai found that artificial intelligence (AI) can accurately evaluate cardiovascular risk during a routine chest computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast.

This imaging method, which measures coronary calcium and sizes of heart chambers and heart muscle, could make identifying cardiovascular risk less expensive and less invasive. The findings were published in Nature Communications.

"These results are likely practice-changing for many patients because this technology can accurately identify cardiovascular risk without the use of invasive tests or contrast dye that some patients cannot receive," said Piotr J. Slomka, Ph.D., director of Innovation in Imaging at Cedars-Sinai, professor of Medicine in the Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and senior author of the study.

Slomka, a professor of Cardiology in the Department of Cardiology in the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai, said that more than 15 million CT scans are performed in the U.S. each year—and many of these are underutilized or understudied. Clinicians currently can evaluate cardiovascular risk using a CT scan, but usually with contrast.

"This novel AI algorithm makes it possible to get crucial heart health insights from cheaper scans that use less radiation, potentially making detailed heart evaluations part of regular diagnostic procedures," Slomka said.

Investigators incorporated two artificial intelligence models to evaluate data on coronary calcium and heart muscle chamber sizes from nearly 30,000 patient imaging records. They were able to determine that those measures are a better indicator of cardiac risk than a radiologist's identification of abnormalities.

Sumeet Chugh, MD, director of the Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, who was not involved in the study, says this technology allows for large-scale use of existing CT data to spot individuals at risk sooner.

"Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of disability and death at a global level," said Chugh, associate director of the Smidt Heart Institute. "These findings highlight how AI tools could leverage existing CT images performed for lung disease investigation, to make a cost-effective, public health impact on heart disease."

More information: Robert J. H. Miller et al, Predicting mortality from AI cardiac volumes mass and coronary calcium on chest computed tomography, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46977-3

Journal information: Nature Communications 

Provided by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center