by Kate Wighton, Imperial College London

Credit: CC0 Public Domain

A new study has found depression is more common among people with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in the years before they are diagnosed.

Researchers from St George's University of London, Imperial College London, University College London and King's College London studied the records of fifteen thousand people with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases or IBD.

They found patients were more likely to be diagnosed with depression up to nine years before the diagnosis of their IBD, compared with people who did not go on to be diagnosed with IBD.

IBD can result in abdominal pain, diarrhea or rectal bleeding and many people live with these gastrointestinal symptoms for years before being diagnosed. This study examined the link between depression and the chance of later developing IBD.

People who reported gastro-intestinal symptoms before developing depression were 40% more likely to develop IBD compared with people without depression.

However, individuals with depression but no prior gastrointestinal symptoms were no more likely to be diagnosed with IBD than individuals without depression.

Depression and gut symptoms

The study suggests that, on its own, depression is not a risk factor for developing IBD, however people with depression and previous gastrointestinal symptoms may be more likely to develop either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Study author Dr. Jonathan Blackwell from Imperial's School of Public Health and St George's University of London explained: "The relationship between depression and IBD is unclear but it is likely some individuals develop depression as a consequence of gastrointestinal symptoms they experience before being diagnosed with IBD. If you are experiencing depression with abdominal pain, diarrhea or rectal bleeding see your doctor and get tested because there may be a treatable cause."

Professor Sonia Saxena, study co-author from Imperial's School of Public Health, said: "The main message for GPs and clinicians is to think holistically when patients report feeling anxious or depressed in the presence of diarrhea, abdominal pain or rectal bleeding—could all these things be related to an underlying condition such as inflammatory bowel disease?"

Extra vigilance is needed during the pandemic because the usual cues for low mood anxiety or depression are hard to detect over the phone and easy to pass off as being related to the current global crisis."

Professor Richard Pollok, study co-author from St George's University of London added: "It is possible people become depressed while living with undiagnosed gut symptoms of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Now, more than ever, during the COVID-19 pandemic it is vital to put strategies in place to ensure timely diagnosis of these bowel conditions to protect people's physical and mental health."

"Depression in individuals who subsequently develop Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a population-based nested case-control study" is published in the journal Gut

More information: Jonathan Blackwell et al. Depression in individuals who subsequently develop inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based nested case–control study, Gut (2020). DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322308

Provided by Imperial College London