Common Concerns If Your Partner Has Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

By Nicole Galan, RN 

 Medically reviewed by Anita Sadaty, MD

If your wife or partner has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there are many things you can do to help support her. You can work together on making the lifestyle changes that can help manage her condition, for example. It is also important for you to understand her condition and what she is feeling.

PCOS is neither a fatal nor inherently dangerous disease and the vast majority of women with the condition do just fine. That said, there are challenges in living with a woman who has PCOS.

PCOS can cause annoying symptoms and management can be tedious. Having a loving partner to provide support can make a wonderful difference in how she manages these symptoms today and her long-term outlook.

This article covers the common symptoms of PCOS and some of the ways in which it's managed. It also discusses the role that the condition may play in infertility for you and your partner.

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Defining Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a condition in which a woman's body secretes extra male hormones, called androgens. This excess in androgens can cause her ovaries to produce too many immature egg follicles each month. These are the "polycystic ovaries" responsible for the name of the condition. Excess androgens are also responsible for many of the other symptoms of the condition.

In a normal menstrual cycle, hormonal changes result in the maturation and release of an egg during each cycle. Due to the excess androgens, the follicles in a woman's ovary don't mature fully and aren't released. This leads to the development of small ovarian cysts, which can be seen on ultrasound.

Since ovulation often fails to occur, the shedding of the uterine lining (the menstrual period) often fails to occur as well. This leads to the common symptoms of irregular periods, and often, infertility.

Researchers aren't certain exactly what causes the excess androgens responsible for the clinical symptoms of PCOS. It appears there may be some genetic component, and it can run in families. Theories include an excess of insulin (due to insulin resistance) leading to increased production of androgens, or low-grade inflammation in the ovaries also leading to increased production of androgens.1

At least 1 in 10 women have PCOS.2 While it can be scary to hear that your partner has a medical condition, please know that she can live a full, healthy life if her PCOS is well managed.

It's important as the partner of a woman with PCOS to realize that she did nothing wrong to cause her condition. Instead, she needs your support to cope with a condition that far too many women develop for unknown reasons.

Symptoms of PCOS

Women with PCOS tend to have symptoms related to the elevated androgen levels and the effect these hormones have on various tissues in the body. 

Common symptoms include:2

  • Irregular periods (oligomenorrhea) or absent periods (amenorrhea)

  • Acne

  • Abnormal hair growth (hirsutism)

  • Thinning hair

  • Weight gain

  • Darkening of skin

  • Skin tags

Many women have only a few of these symptoms, which can create difficulty in making the diagnosis.

Diagnosis

Your partner may be frustrated if she's only recently been diagnosed with PCOS, and you may be wondering how this could happen. It is estimated that as many as 75 percent of women with PCOS may be undiagnosed, due to the variability of symptoms and lack of provider knowledge.3

The reason behind this is that symptoms such as irregular periods and acne are common in the teen and early adulthood years. In addition, the use of birth control pills (one of the treatments used for PCOS) can conceal the symptoms as well.

There are several factors that are evaluated in order to make a diagnosis of PCOS. When a doctor takes a history and does a physical exam she may hear or see some of the signs. Lab tests to diagnose PCOS may reveal increased androgens as well as an increased level of luteinizing hormone (LH). The transvaginal ultrasound criteria for PCOS are also important in interpreting signs found on ultrasound.

 

Management of PCOS

The specific therapies used for PCOS will depend on a number of factors, such as the extent of symptoms and a woman's desire to either become pregnant or avoid pregnancy.

Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a healthy diet are essential, as are regular visits with her doctor. Part of her annual checkup should include blood glucose testing (for diabetes), blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Early intervention is the key to treating and preventing these complications.

She also needs to see her gynecologist each year (or as suggested by her doctor) to make sure that she is getting a regular period (or at least four periods each year).

During a normal menstrual cycle, the endometrium is exposed to hormones, like estrogen, which cause the lining to proliferate and thicken. When ovulation does not occur (which is typical in PCOS), the lining is not shed and is exposed to much higher amounts of estrogen. In time, this can cause thickening of the endometrium and may predispose a woman to develop endometrial (uterine) cancer (see below).

 

Medications and Treatments for PCOS

There are several medications that may be used to control symptoms, such as birth control pills and other hormones. Glucophage (metformin) is a medication that is used to address insulin resistance but may help regulate menstrual cycles and help with weight control as well. Inositol is a supplement that offers promise for women with PCOS.

Excess facial hair can be troublesome for women with PCOS. Different hair removal options may be tried, or the medication Proscar/Propecia (finasteride) may help to reduce unwanted hair growth.

Obesity can be a double edge sword as the condition may contribute to obesity while excess weight can worsen the condition. There has been considerable research done on weight loss and PCOS. One review of 14 studies concluded that weight management strategies for the general population should be applied for women with PCOS.4

 

Infertility Related to PCOS

Unfortunately, infertility is a common issue associated with PCOS, simply because the disease causes irregular ovulation.

Without the release of an egg, there is nothing to join with the sperm and pregnancy cannot occur. Therefore, if your partner isn’t ovulating regularly, the two of you may have difficulty figuring out when to be intimate in order to conceive.

The good news is that pregnancy is not impossible with PCOS. While it can be a challenge, there are a number of treatments available. You may need to seek the assistance of a fertility expert or reproductive endocrinologist.

There are oral medications, injectable drugs, and IVF as options. While not the way most couples envision starting their family, these treatments are successful for the majority of couples.

 

Complications and Long-Term Concerns Related to PCOS

Women with this syndrome have a greater risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease (metabolic syndrome).5 All of these are treatable or preventable, but she will need to make certain lifestyle changes.

Women with PCOS do have a slightly higher chance of developing endometrial cancer than women without PCOS.6 The more irregular and fewer periods a woman has, the greater her risk becomes.

Sleep apnea is also a fairly common condition among women with PCOS, and partners are in an ideal position to recognize some of the symptoms.

Supporting Your Loved One With PCOS

There are many things that you can do to be supportive of your partner with PCOS.

  • Make lifestyle changes with her. It’s much easier to stick to a healthy diet when your partner does as well. Instead of going out to dinner or a movie, go for a hike or bicycle ride together. Find ways to be active together.

  • Learn about the treatment for PCOS. Be open to learning about her decisions for treatment as well as potential side effects. Most women appreciate a partner who not only accepts her as she is but takes a special interest in what she is going through. Consider going to appointments with her and practice being her advocate so that she gets the best care possible.

  • Practice patience. Having a chronic medical condition is difficult enough, but with PCOS, hormonal levels are affected as well and can compound the frustration. Some women with the condition have stated that it feels like having premenstrual syndrome all month long. If your partner is feeling irritable, try to separate out her behaviors from who she is as a person.

  • Learn to "read between the lines." Sexual concerns can be a problem for couples living with PCOS. Partners might believe that a woman's lack of interest indicates a lack of interest in them, or instead get angry.

  • Be supportive about struggles with self-esteem or mood. PCOS and depression can also go hand in hand.7 If you are dealing with infertility make sure she understands it is not just her problem. Seeing a counselor or psychologist as a couple can be very helpful if you are facing these concerns.

  • Consider attending a PCOS symposium with her. These are great events for learning the latest information about PCOS while providing opportunities for support for women dealing with the symptoms. Many of these meetings actually have breakaways and meetings designed just for loved ones of those with PCOS.

Summary

PCOS is a common condition that may cause symptoms like irregular periods, weight gain, and abnormal hair growth. It can often be managed with therapies like birth control pills. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise can also help.

You can support your partner by making lifestyle changes with her, accompanying her to appointments with her healthcare provider, and learning about treatments and side effects. 

 Sources

Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited. Endocr Rev. 2016;37(5):467-520. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1104

U.S. Department of Health and Human Service Office on Women's Health. Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Wolf WM, Wattick RA, Kinkade ON, Olfert MD. Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race/ethnicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(11). doi:10.3390/ijerph15112589

Kataoka J, Tassone EC, Misso M, et al. Weight management interventions in women with and without PCOS: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2017;9(9). doi:10.3390/nu9090996

Scicchitano P, Dentamaro I, Carbonara R, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;10(4):611-8. doi:10.5812/ijem.4020

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Can PCOS lead to cancer?

Chaudhari AP, Mazumdar K, Mehta PD. Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Indian J Psychol Med. 2018;40(3):239-246. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_561_17

Additional Reading

De Frene V, Verhofstadt L, Loeys T, et al. Sexual and relational satisfaction in couples where the woman has polycystic ovary syndrome: a dyadic analysis. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(3):625-31. doi:10.1093/humrep/deu342

Hadjiconstantinou M, Mani H, Patel N, et al. Understanding and supporting women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a qualitative study in an ethnically diverse UK sample. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(5):323-330. doi:10.1530/ec-17-0053

Rowlands I, Teede H, Lucke J, Dobson A, Mishra G. Young women’s psychological distress after a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(9):2072-81. doi:10.1093/humrep/dew174

Stapinska-Syniec A, Grabowska K, Szpotanska-Sikorska A, Pietrzak B. Depression, sexual satisfaction, and other psychological issues in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018;16:1-4. doi:10.1080/09513590.2018.1427713

By Nicole Galan, RN
Nicole Galan, RN, is a registered nurse and the author of "The Everything Fertility Book."