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In a groundbreaking yet somber development in the field of xenotransplantation, Lisa Pisano, a 54-year-old woman from New Jersey, has passed away less than three months after receiving a genetically modified pig kidney. Pisano, who was critically ill with both kidney and heart failure, underwent the historic procedure in April as an experimental last resort. She made medical history as the first person to receive both a heart pump and a kidney transplant, a feat that doctors had previously deemed too risky.

The transplant, performed at NYU Langone Health, involved a kidney from a pig that had been genetically modified to prevent the production of alpha-gal, a molecule that triggers an antibody response in humans. Despite the initial success in preventing organ rejection, the kidney had to be removed after 47 days due to inadequate blood flow caused by complications with Pisano's heart pump. Following the removal, Pisano resumed kidney dialysis but was eventually transitioned to hospice care, where she passed away.

▋Dr. Robert Montgomery, the director of the NYU Langone Transplant Institute, emphasized the significance of Pisano's contribution to the burgeoning field of xenotransplantation. "Lisa’s contributions to medicine, surgery, and xenotransplantation cannot be overstated," he said. "Her bravery gave hope to thousands of people living with end-stage kidney or heart failure who could soon benefit from an alternative supply of organs."

Pisano's passing comes just two months after the death of Richard Slayman, the first patient to receive a genetically modified pig kidney. Slayman, 62, underwent the procedure in March at Mass General Brigham in Boston. Although he was initially well enough to be discharged two weeks after the surgery, he later experienced complications and died within two months.

The field of xenotransplantation has made significant strides in recent years, largely due to advancements in CRISPR gene-editing technology. Scientists have been able to modify pig organs to make them more acceptable to the human immune system, thereby reducing the likelihood of rejection. However, these procedures remain experimental and are currently only approved under the FDA’s compassionate use program for patients with life-threatening conditions who are not eligible for human organ transplants.

At present, more than 100,000 people in the United States are in desperate need of organ transplants, with kidneys being the most in demand. Tragically, 17 people die each day while on the waiting list. Researchers are hopeful that mastering the art of xenotransplantation could provide a viable solution to this dire shortage.

While the deaths of Pisano and Slayman highlight the challenges and risks associated with xenotransplantation, their courage and willingness to participate in these experimental procedures have paved the way for future advancements. Their legacies will undoubtedly inspire continued research and development in the quest to provide life-saving organ transplants to those in need.